A Study on the Uncertainty Reduction Theory and the Evolutionary Process of the Human Brain

A Study on the Uncertainty Reduction Theory and the Evolutionary Process of the Human Brain Humans brains have evolved to see patterns. The Uncertainty Reduction Theory states that people tend to gather information about people to reduce uncertainty about them. This uncertainty is common not only when meeting other people for the first time, but it is present in all types of new situations. It is essential to our survival to constantly assess the environment and threats, whether they are real or perceived. Uncertainty Reduction Theory gives us a guideline on how and why we react to new situations. The Uncertainty Reduction Theory can be linked to our evolutionary past in which we had to assess the threat level of potential predators and detect their presence. â€Å"Heider’s notion that man seeks to â€Å"make sense â€Å"out of events he perceives in his environment,† is reminiscent of Neil deGrasse Tyson explaining why human brains tend to create patterns (Craig and Muller, 2007, p. 327). The reasoning was that our ancestors who were constantly under threat of predators would sometimes face situations in which there may or may not be a predator in that bush or high grass. If you look up at a tree, your brain naturally creates patterns among the leaves and branches where you may visualize some type of shape that may look like a lion, a person’s face, or a triangle. In the physical reality, there is no lion, that’s just the way the tree is shaped, or there actually is a lion there. Those that created patterns and visualized the lion whether a preda tor was there or not, ran away and survived. Those that didn’t create the patterns would have either survived(if there was nothing there) or have been killed(if there actually was a lion). In a type of Pascal’s wager, those that evolved brains to create patterns and in turn, took no chances on their livelihood survived. This same evolutionary pressure to â€Å"make sense† or create patterns of environmental stimuli to assess threat level can be adapted to interpersonal communication among individuals of a species. Humans can communicate verbally through language and that would be the ideal way to detect the threat level of an individual or group after assessing body language. Finding certainty in the uncertainty of whether there’s a lion in the bushes or whether a person is a potential friend or foe is essential to survival and interpersonal communicative behaviors is the medium in which uncertainty can be converted to certainty. Survival relies on awareness and our consistent surveying ability. It is optimal behavior to gather as much information as possible when new people or situations arise. Gathering information is crucial to making ideal decisions. Decision making becomes easier when you have as much information as possible.

Should English be declared as an official language in the United Research Paper

Should English be declared as an official language in the United States - Research Paper Example On the other hand, people are arguing that English should be made an official Language because it promotes the cohesiveness of the country. I feel that immigrants should learn English at their own will and benefit. Though Official English cohorts assert that America needs English-Only as law as making it the official language will segregate the immigrants, English needs no defender as it is the language with the fastest expanding usage worldwide. While the English cohorts also argue that Official English will speed up English assimilation, statistics prove otherwise by the waiting list for English as a second language, which would be cut down by law. Statistics show that in that last two centuries, proponents for having English as an official language have justified their position by stating only tow main themes, patriotism and rational and racism. Official English also can contribute to segregation of U.S. citizens from noncitizens, despite their country of residence. Let us have Be lgium, Turkey and Canada as examples: In these countries, no hitch was experienced and benefit achieved by the proposed law on having one official language. This should to be taken as a lesson to the Americans. Having English as an official Language will make communication for non-English speaking immigrants extremely hard. Federal publications in other languages, for instance, are used to clarify tax laws, veterans’ benefits, consumer protection, medical precautions, fair housing rules, and business regulations. The process involved in enacting the rules governing law, and its implementation is also wanting. Yaldem points out that there will be need to have departments to define English and how it must officially be used. Alignment on how it is to be taught in schools and creating a list of possible exceptions with the likes of airport signs should also be implemented. Such processes are too involving and costly thus not worth it. The most affected are non English speaking i mmigrants because accessing and rendering services becomes a significant problem. Communication is an essential aspect of the day to day life. Without it, it leads to frustrations and other adverse psychological traumas associated. Making English as an official Language in America will deny foreigners a chance to live in United States as the foreigners will be expected to be in a position to speak English before they are allowed entry into the country. Immigration interpreters who help during mental and physical examination of aliens seeking entry to the State will not be availed which means the burden of communication lies squarely on the foreigners. The immigrants involved in court cases will also have a rough time in defending themselves because of lack of interpreters in civic, federal and criminal proceedings. Accessing social and health care services becomes a problem too. Employing people with a variety of languages is advantageous especially in public places such as in hospi tals as it makes communication easy among people from different backgrounds hence this should be taken into consideration by those proponents of a single official language. Since early 19th century, United States has been allowing immigrants to the country. An analysis made from the census report indicates that there has been a fast growth in immigrants learning English. The number of immigrants who have developed interest in learning English has grown from 1.9 percent to 6.2 percent

Springfield Nor'easters Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Springfield Nor'easters - Article Example The tickets will also consider the families buy giving the families a different package to make the families have fun with their children in the stadium. The stadium will be partitioned into sections and the prices set for every section in the arena. The proposed packages are Friends and family package Couple packages Children with birthday parties Single tickets VIP packages And general sits packages Expected annual revenue With good advertisements and the culture of giving good packages to the community, the tickets are expected to be sold out even before the leagues start. Since it is a new culture being built in the community, the fans will be intrigued by the new sports phenomenon and would be down to pay the tickets for the experience. Another motivation to the revenue collection is the fact that the fans will be treated to new teams who come to the venue therefore fostering the competitive culture and identification. With creation of a local fan base, the tickets are inclined to producing more money even during the friendly games and off-season matches. With the packages and pricing set per seat a family is expected to pay for a game is close to $59 every single game. The ticket for an individual is $ 4-12 depending on the preference of the sitting area. The stadium has a capacity of 8200 seats. With the approximation of 500 families in the community will start cultivating a culture of sports the family will spend $2242 a season. With five hundred families alone, the expected revenue collected is $1,121,000. If 2000 individual fans attend for a whole season at $4 each the expected revenue collected is $304,000. For the VIP section, the expected revenue is close to $500,000for the single tickets of a thousand fans. For families VIP tickets can cost an approximate of 96 dollars. The expected number will be higher in this section due to the environment conducive for the children. If only 300 families book the VIP area, the revenue is expected to be $1,094,4 00. The summation of this revenue will be close to 3,400,000. Concisely the annual revenue can be close to $5,000,000 when everything is done right in the initial stage. Better revenue collection will be realized with the events building up in the region and a fan base created. The revenue is based on approximation and the least amount charge to every game Expected annual concession revenue The concession calculations will vary due to the different types of ticket sales to the people. With an attendance bracket that depreciates from the 5game, 20 game seasons and a full season, the logical expectation of the revenue will be $2,000,000 as long as the tickets will be reasonable to the public. However, the tickets are supposed to medial to avert the events where the people do not attend since it is cheap. The establishment of a price that is at par with the control and building of the fans will create a culture of not missing a game to utilize the money spent on the ticket. Even in the assumption of full attendance, the variation in the fan attendance will dictate the revenue collected annually. With the survey conducted in the research there will be better concession revenue collected than the estimate. Breaking even The team will break even in the end of the year only if everything is done right. The qualitative analysis of the research is done using the contribution analysis. The model of payment is crucial to the

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Essay - 1

Discuss Constantine, his Conversion to Christianity and the end of the Roman Empire - Essay Example However, in the Roman Empire the government distrusted Christians and this implied that they were the minority in a society that was filled with pagans. During this period, the Christians followed the Christian way of life by obeying authorities such as bishops and the rule of law, but they refused to abide by the customs of the pagans. The government was filled with pagans, and this prompted it to single out the Christians, but they held on strongly to Christianity and they were not moved by the constant harassments they underwent. This scenario prompted Christians to be killed and continued to unite them further in their fight to be allowed freedom of worship. Prior to the end of the roman empire Diocletian, who was an emperor during this time declared Christianity as forbidden and churches were demolished. In addition to this, Christians were denied their legal rights all in the efforts of completely removing Christianity from the society. Around the year 299, disruption of the pagan rituals and burning of the Diocletian’s palace caused many Christians to be killed since they were blamed for these occurrences. However, the persecutions did not completely destroy Christianity, and this is the time when Constantine took up the fight to restore Christianity because he was disturbed by the persecution they underwent. Constantine had encountered many of the harassments against Christians since he was brought up in Diocletian’s court and he found them disturbing. Before the battle between the Christians and pagans at the Milvian Bridge, he had a dream where God instructed on how they would encounter the pagans. During this time, he was not a Christian, but he had a vow that if he won this battle he would fight for Christians for the rest of his reign. His mother was a Christian and she had instilled Christianity values in him, so he had the zeal to fight for their rights. The Christians won this battle, and he believed that God

Frozen yorgurt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Frozen yorgurt - Essay Example It otherwise suffers from its flexibility, excess calories and loses its freshness very fast. Red Mango is the best to control, but it has limited the number of flavors. It is awesome when used as a supplement. As a result, it is somewhat costly. There is Baskin Robbins that contains thirty-one flavors, is readily affordable and is consumable at home in cakes. The blow to this category is its self-inefficiency and does not create such a welcoming atmosphere (Ahmed, Haroun and Eisa). Another competitor is the yogurt land that is not artificial, but is affordable. It contains moderate fats and has a taste of its kind. Reasons, why one would prefer frozen yogurt to the others, include its affordability ad lovely feel. It brings fewer health risks thus suitable for the growing youngsters. Considering that it’s painless, it provides an opportunity to couple with other staff including chocolate, candy, granola and fruits. Other benefits include the cooling effect it has during the summer, the awesome savor. Some advantages are personal like creating a beautiful moment when catching up with colleagues and creating an opportunity to spend time with

Rewrite paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rewrite paper - Essay Example The potential impacts of the project are highly economic in nature, standing to benefit Richland County, the region, and the state at large. The Richland County, the region, and the state at large will realize increased employment opportunities due to job creation that will be triggered by the Hillside Energy project. The project is expected to last for 42 months, a period within which construction and operation jobs will pique. The prospects reported above are primarily based on the Hillside One project. As earlier mentioned, Ziegler Energy, Inc. plans to construct and operate three Hillside Energy Projects. The impacts outlined in this report relate to Hillside One only. The two other energy projects target two other different cities in the Richland County. Successful development of Hillside Two and Three will result in greater potential impacts in the County and in the state. This family-friendly lodging facility acknowledges the importance of pets to their owners, especially guests in the facility. It also acknowledges that not every guest owns a pet. In this respect, it allows its guests to have pets within the premises, but under certain terms and conditions. This follows the concern that there are guests who prefer to have their vacations accompanied by their pets or in an environment where other guests have pets. On the other hand, the lodging facility does not dispute the opposite. There are guests who do not own pets, and neither do they want to spend their vacation accompanied by pets or in an environment where other guests have pets. The facility allows pets into the premises, but takes the concerns of both sides into

Strategic Management Accounting Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Management Accounting Master - Essay Example As organizations have a decision-support system in place for continuous evaluation of their market position, business strategies and competitive analysis, there is a need for improved techniques for evaluating the same at regular intervals and SMA is one such tool that is increasingly being used as an appropriate tool for mangers to gauge the strategic position of their company and enhance it continuously. The issues related to the use of SMA and its resulting effectiveness is also studied and evaluated. It is seen that the use of SMA can be uniform for a set of similarly operating businesses which aids in the decision-making process of these businesses and hence this technique can be generalized and applied for a group of businesses with similarities in operational strategy. Strategic Management Accounting (SMA) has been defined by different authors in different perspectives. However, it is found that it serves the common goal of supporting the decision-making in any organization. Smith (2005: 15) observes that managers need to "take strategic decisions in a variety of areas like corporate strategy, competitive strategy and operational strategy". It boils down to the more mundane tasks of the manager to understand and make key strategic decisions on a regular basis to ensure profitability and sustainability of the business. Strategic decisions related to the corporate strategy include decisions as to what profile of business the company needs to be in, what products it should roll-out, the pricing of these products, the procurement, development and manufacture of the same, along with the operational strategy of the organization for enabling the business and its smooth running without being run over by competitors. This requires the managers to effective ly equip themselves with the cost and income of the activities involved and the net profit from these activities on the whole. Further, these activities of the organization are to be ensured to be in-line with the "organizational goals, the mission statement, objectives, operational strategies and the performance measurement" (Smith, 2005: 15). Smith defines SMA as "an integral part of the establishment of a decision-support system providing information to decision-makers" while Drury quotes Innes definition of SMA as "the provision of information to support the strategic decisions in organizations and Cooper and Kaplan's definition as it being a technique to support the overall competitive strategy of the organization, principally by the power of using information technology to develop more